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DON’T PANIC! But be aware that the Internet is riddled with potential threats to the security and well-being of your Mac or iOS device. No computer system is completely immune from possible attack, but Apple’s OS X (being Unix-based) is less vulnerable than most, particularly the latest versions from Lion onwards. The following seeks to offer some guidance on the main security threats and how to avoid them. If you have further questions please post in the forum appropriate to your particular hardware or operating system.
There are many forms of ‘Malware’ that can affect a computer system, of which ‘a virus’ is but one type, ‘trojans’ another. Using the strict definition of a computer virus, no viruses that can attack OS X have so far been detected 'in the wild', i.e. in anything other than laboratory conditions. The same is not true of other forms of malware, such as Trojans. (The expression ‘malware’ is a general term used by computer professionals to mean a variety of forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software. Not all malware are viruses.) Whilst it is a fairly safe bet that your Mac will NOT be infected by a virus, it may have other security-related problem, but more likely a technical problem unrelated to any malware threat.
Sep 22, 2016 The vast majority of malware is designed for Windows systems and Macs don’t get Windows malware. While Mac malware is much more rare, Macs are definitely not immune to malware. They can be infected by malware written specifically for Macs, and such malware does exist. At one point, over 650,000 Macs were infected with the Flashback Trojan. The whole action in Shadow Warrior 2 OS X is centered around a single character, called Lo Wang. He is a warrior, a modern ninja exactly, which must fight with hordes of demons sent to conquer the world. You can play the solo campaign, or you can gather three more friends and play this great FPS for macOS in the new CO-OP mode. 4) Mac OS Extended (HFS Plus) disks can be rebuilt as before, when rebuilding from an Intel Mac. 5) The Startup Disk of Macs are automatically converted from Mac OS Extended (HFS Plus) to Apple File System (APFS) when installing or upgrading to macOS 10.14 Mojave, macOS 10.15 Catalina or macOS 11.0 Big Sur. Only internal SSD drives are.
Disk Warrior works on all versions of OS X and macOS running on HFS. However, at the moment it is not compatible with High Sierra updated to run on APFS. This is why you’ll have to wait for a fresh release of Disk Warrior 5.1 which Alsoft – the app’s developer – announces to arrive in early 2018. What are the alternatives to Disk Warrior? In theory, no operating system is immune to viruses. The OS X programming language is more difficult to write a virus or malware. Macs have a smaller market that Windows & Windows programming language is easy, so virus makers have an easy prey on Windows. Norton just wants yo to buy their product.
Since the introduction of Snow Leopard, Apple OS X has an anti-malware system built-in known as XProtect but officially called File Quarantine (see here: http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3662 ), which may alert you to, and prevent installation of, certain forms of malware. Later versions of OS X include further features to protect you, about which here: http://support.apple.com/kb/PH11432 and Apple also recommend that you take simple steps to protect your Mac as detailed here: http://support.apple.com/kb/PH10580
So what other anti-virus software do I need (or if I am still running Tiger or Leopard) ?
Whilst viruses designed to attack the Microsoft Windows operating system cannot affect Apple OS X, it is possible to pass on a Windows virus, which you may have received but not noticed, to a Windows user, for example through an email attachment. Many use the free ClamXav just to check incoming emails for this reason. Our resident expert Thomas A Reed offers excellent guidance on this subject here: www.thesafemac.com/mmg
Do not install Norton Anti-Virus on a Mac as it can seriously damage your operating system. Norton Anti-Virus is not compatible with Apple OS X.
Do not install MacKeeper or iAnti-Virus: See this User Tip: https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-3022
FAKE ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE and associated MALWARE (To repeat: the expression ‘malware’ is a general term used by computer professionals to mean a variety of forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software.)
Do not be tricked by 'scareware', such as pop-ups on your browser, that tempts computer users to download fake anti-virus software that may itself be malware.
Once installed, the software may steal data or force people to make a payment to register the fake product. Examples include MacKeeper and iAntivirus, but there are others. Also, beware of MacSweeper and MACDefender* (also goes under the name of MacProtector, MacGuard, MacSecurity or MacShield): These are malware that mislead users by exaggerating reports about spyware, adware or viruses on their computer in an attempt to obtain payment for an application that does nothing that free utilities do not also offer, and in many cases will also mess up your system.
*Malicious software dubbed MACDefender takes aim at users of the Mac OS X operating system by automatically downloading a file through JavaScript. But users must also agree to install the software, leaving the potential threat limited.
*(This malware is not to be confused with MacDefender, the maker of geocaching software including GCStatistic and DTmatrix. The company noted on its site it is not affiliated with the malware.)
Malware spreads through search engines like Google via a method known as 'SEO poisoning.' The sites are designed to game search engine algorithms and show up when users search for certain topics. It is always a good idea to Block Pop-ups in your browser preferences.
TROJANS and RE-DIRECTION TO FAKE WEBSITES
The appearance of Trojans and other malware that can possibly infect a Mac seems to be growing, but is a completely different issue to viruses.
If you allow a Trojan to be installed, the user's DNS records can be modified, redirecting incoming internet traffic through the attacker's servers, where it can be hijacked and injected with malicious websites and pornographic advertisements. The trojan also installs a watchdog process that ensures the victim's (that's you!) DNS records stay modified on a minute-by-minute basis.
Mac users should always obtain their copy of Adobe Flash Player directly from Adobe’s official website and to disable the 'Open 'safe' files after downloading' option in Safari Preferences/General to avoid automatically running files downloaded from the Internet. Also, do not turn on Java in Safari Preferences/Security. Few websites use Java. Javascript is something entirely different and should be left active.
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(Adobe is aware of malware posing as its Flash Player and warns users to ignore any updates that didn't originate on its own servers. 'Do not download Flash Player from a site other than adobe.com,' said David Lenoe, Adobe's product security program manager, in an entry on Adobe Product Security Incident Response Team's PSIRT blog. 'This goes for any piece of software (Reader, Windows Media Player, QuickTime, etc). If you get a notice to update, it's a good idea to go directly to the site of the software vendor and download the update directly from the source. If the download is from an unfamiliar URL or an IP address, you should be suspicious.')
Last, but by no means least, using Open DNS is the simplest way of preventing infection in the first place. Open DNS also protects against phishing attacks, re-directs, speeds up your internet connection - see below.
How to get it:
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Java can present serious security threats: Users with Intel Macs running Snow Leopard OS 10.6 or later versions of OS X should ensure that they have downloaded and installed all the recent Java updates from Apple, which are designed to prevent infection and also remove any infection already present.
From the introduction of Lion onwards, new Macs do not have either Flash Player nor Java installed.
+++ OTHER ISSUES +++
HOW TO AVOID RE-DIRECTION
Adding Open DNS codes to your Network Preferences should give good results in terms of added security (phishing attacks, re-direction etc) as well as speed-up of your internet connection: Empty canvas mac os.
Open System Preferences/Network. Double click on your connection type, or select it in the drop-down menu, and in the box marked 'DNS Servers' add the following two numbers:
208.67.222.222
208.67.220.220
(You can also enter them if you click on Advanced and then DNS)
Sometimes reversing the order of the DNS numbers can be beneficial in cases where there is a long delay before web pages start to load, and then suddenly load at normal speed:
There may be other ways of guarding against Trojans, viruses and general malware affecting the Mac, and alternatives will probably appear in the future. In the meantime the advice is: be careful where you go on the web and what you download!
GENERAL ADVICE ON HOW TO AVOID INFECTION IN THE FIRST PLACE:
1. Avoid going to suspect and untrusted Web sites, especially p'orn'ography sites.
2. Check out what you are downloading. Mac OS X asks you for you administrator password to install applications for a reason! Only download media and applications from well-known and trusted Web sites, i.e. the developers’ own web sites or the Apple App Store. If you think you may have downloaded suspicious files, read the installer packages and make sure they are legit. If you cannot determine if the program you downloaded is infected, do a quick Internet search and see if any other users reported issues after installing a particular program.
3. Use an antivirus program like ClamXav. If you are in the habit of downloading a lot of media and other files, it may be well worth your while to run those files through this AV application.
4. Consider using Mac OS X's built-in Firewalls and other security features.
5. Avoid Peer-to-peer sharing applications. Download torrents (such as the now defunct LimeWire) supplying pirated software, movies etc are hotbeds of potential software issues waiting to happen to your Mac. Everything from changing permissions to downloading trojans and other malicious software can be acquired from using these applications. Similar risks may apply to using Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, YouTube and similar sites which are prone to malicious hacking (see below): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8420233.stm
It has been estimated that one in six links posted on Facebook pages are connected to malicious software.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12967254
6. Check for security updates from Apple using Software Update and install them!
YOUR PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET and the latest risks to look out for:
There is the potential for having your entire email contact list stolen for use for spamming:
And if you are using iPhone Apps you are also at risk of losing all privacy:
The advent of HTML5 may also be a future threat to internet privacy:
NOTE:Apple's operating systems since Snow Leopard silently update the malware protection built into Mac OS X to protect against a backdoor Trojan Horse that can allow hackers to gain remote control over your treasured iMac or MacBook.
+++++ MORE POTENTIAL ISSUES +++++
PHISHING AND POTENTIAL IDENTITY THEFT:
'Phishing' (also known as 'carding' or 'spoofing') refers to email that attempts to fraudulently acquire personal information from you, such as your account password or credit card information. On the surface, the email may appear to be from a legitimate company or individual, but it's not.
As a general rule, never send credit card information, account passwords, or extensive personal information in an email unless you verify that the recipient is who they claim to be. Many companies have policies that state they will never solicit such information from customers by email, and that includes your bank, credit card company, and Apple.
If you do receive email that you're not sure is valid, here are some tips that can help you determine its legitimacy:
Learn how to identify fraudulent 'phishing' email:
How to report phishing scams to Apple:
via email to: [email protected]
If you discover that emails are being received by your entire address list which you didn’t send, it is possible that you have been infected by a Botnet. Simply put, a bot – which is short for robot – is an automated computer program that allows outside sources to control computers remotely without the users' knowledge. A botnet is a network of hundreds or thousands of computers infected with botnet malware that communicates covertly with a command-and-control (CnC) server run by a type of cybercriminal called a botmaster. Unbeknownst to the individual users, their computers are linked in a rogue network which the botmaster can utilize for a variety of nefarious purposes.
Detailed information here:
HOW SAFE IS YOUR SMARTPHONE?
Another source of malware, apart from sites like Facebook and Hotmail, is the Android Marketplace: more than 99% of Android phones are potentially leaking data that, if stolen, could be used to get the information they store online.
The data being leaked is typically used to get at web-based services such as Google Calendar.
The open nature of the Android platform is both a boon and a danger, and as Facebook have already discovered it is also a very attractive criminal playground: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12633923
Several pieces of malware have also been found on iPhones, however only devices that had been 'jailbroken' to bypass Apple's security were affected. The company's process of pre-vetting all new applications is believed to have spared its devices from a major attack.
LAST BUT NOT LEAST: BE GLAD YOU HAVE A MAC!
Some Windows PCs can be infected with viruses during the manufacturing process in the factories - in other words they can actually be purchased with viruses bundled with the operating system! Several new computers have been found carrying malware installed in the factory, suggests a Microsoft study. One virus called Nitol found by Microsoft steals personal details to help criminals plunder online bank accounts. Microsoft won permission from a US court to tackle the network of hijacked PCs made from Nitol-infected computers.
This does not happen with Apple computers!
OTHER POTENTIAL THREATS YOU MAY BE UNAWARE OF:
In reality of course, there is no such thing as total internet privacy: US and British intelligence agencies have successfully cracked much of the online encryption relied upon by hundreds of millions of people to protect the privacy of their personal data, online transactions and emails: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/nsa-gchq-encryption-codes-security
If you have a Facebook account, Facebook is surveilling every single moment you spend there. Moreover, much more importantly, every web page you touch that has a Facebook 'like' button on it which, whether you click the button or not, will report your reading of that page to Facebook.
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If the newspaper you read every day has Facebook 'like' buttons or similar services' buttons on those pages, then Facebook or the other service watches you read the newspaper: it knows which stories you read and how long you spent on them.
Every time you tweet a URL, Twitter is shortening the URL for you. But it is also arranging that anybody who clicks on that URL will be monitored by Twitter as they read. You are not only helping people know what's on the web, but also helping Twitter read over everybody's shoulder everything you recommend.
And now ‘smart TVs’ are also adding to your loss of privacy: 'Smart TVs' are bringing PC-style spyware and banner ads to the living room, collecting detailed logs of data that include every time the channel is changed and the names of every media file watched. In the case of sets from LG, data is being sent to the factory unencrypted, even after users attempt to turn the data collection off. Source: http://doctorbeet.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and. html
Since the issue became public it has emerged that Sony's PlayStation also collects data from every Blu-ray disc that is played.
Additional reading:
'Antivirus Software On Your Mac: Yes or No?'
Other malware removal tip and malware removal software sites:
Note: if at all possible before trying to remove malware, do abackupof your data. While you may backup the virus as well, you can usually extract document files themselves which are uninfected from the backup in case the virus removal tool was too thorough. ZIP archives, applications, scpt files and .jar files should be considered infected if you don't know their source:
Malwarebytes for Mac — Mac Antivirus Replacement | Malwarebytes - note removal of this software itself can be done with Download CCleaner | Clean, optimize & tune up your PC, free! (this software also supports removal of system caches, which is NOT recommended).
EasyFind & Find Any File - offer index (no interference from Spotlight) free file searches that allow you to eliminate known malware by file name.
On September 26, 2016, Apple have published their first-ever support article on malware. It’s a notable event because for quite a while Macs have been considered immune to malicious code and Mac OS — impenetrable to man-made hazards.
However, either people behind the malware have become more inventive or newer macOS is more susceptible to external dangers than previous systems, malware is now a Mac problem, too.
Plus, an unexpected problem has recently surfaced for the owners of 13- and 15-inch MacBooks Pro with macOS Sierra installed. System Integrity Protection (which is a built-in shield against malware) is for some reason off by default on a number of machines. Cases like that only add up to the general virus-related anxiety in the Mac community. On the flip side, since the arrival of macOS High Sierra in late 2017, we got the new file system (APFS) that Apple promises to be ultra-secure.
Here at MacPaw we’ve worked with Mac OS for 10 years and have collected a ton of info on how to keep it safe from harm. In this article, we’ll go over possible dangers, ways of protection, and what to do if your Mac is already infected by malware.
How to protect Mac from malware
The first thing Apple suggests doing is turn on your security settings to the maximum, allowing only apps from the Mac App Store or identified developers to be installed on your Mac. This is all good, but the reasons why developers refuse to sell on the App Store are numerous, so there’s a big change an app you need will not be there. It can also be created by developers who don’t have an agreement with Apple and it doesn’t make the app any less valuable or necessary. So what do you do?
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- Avoid software that scares you in its advertisement: your Mac is not under a threat, your system has no critical errors, no, you don’t need ThisApp to save your data.
- If you have accidentally installed one of such apps and it claims you have something terrible happening on your Mac (ironically, malware usually poses as anti-virus software), the only rule is: never give them your credit card details. The apps that ask for money in exchange for imaginary threat protection or for giving you back control over your Mac are called ransomware.
- Be on the lookout for websites that distribute illegal (pirated) content. They frequently show huge misleading buttons that install random downloaders or packages and tiny buttons that link to the content need.
- Google the app developer. Do they have a website? Do they disclose their team, contacts, address?
- Make sure you’re downloading/purchasing the app from the official website and nothing extra gets installed with it.
- Avoid unnecessary browser extensions, clean cache and cookies regularly.
- We could advise you to get a Mac antivirus program or other Mac security software. But the issue with antivirus Mac software is that since the problem is fairly new, few applications deal with it appropriately. Most Mac virus protection apps do little to actually protect your Mac.
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It’s better safe than sorry in this case, but what if you already have trouble?
What if you already installed a harmful program?
Fear not, most of the troubles can be solved quite easily. There are a few ways to remove harmful applications from your Mac and keep all your data intact. For instance, you can use a utility like CleanMyMac X. It will perform an in-depth checkup of your Mac for all kinds of vulnerabilities. CleanMyMac can detect and neutralize thousands of malware threats, including adware, spyware, worms, trojans, miners, and ransomware.
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Here’s how to get rid of malware on Mac:
- Download CleanMyMac X for free.
- Choose the Malware Removal tab.
- Click Scan.
- Click Remove.
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Mac Antivirus turned scumware
Another frequent issue that Mac users have to face is the false advertisement of the antivirus programs. It usually goes like this: a piece of software poses as a Mac antivirus or protective program. It claims to defend your Mac against mysterious threats and keep it from harm. As a matter of fact, these apps are usually called something like Mac-“Defender”, “Keeper”, “Security”, “Doctor”, and “Warrior”. Users install a program they believe will fix their problems, but it turned out to be another scam that arrests their system and demands money.
If you have faced a problem of that sort, you can use CleanMyMac’s Uninstaller module to get rid of the application. Usually, it’s enough to run a “Complete Uninstall” to remove the scam app and all of its components and revive your system back to normal. With the same tool, you can Reset your apps to the default state if they are misbehaving or conflicting with one another.
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Verdict on virus protection on Mac: do you need an actual antivirus for macOS?
Mac OS used to feel like a Great Wall of China for a while, yet now each Mac user has to exercise caution. However, Mac malware in the true meaning of the term is still rare. There are only a few programs created specifically to damage your system. Most of what’s called malware are actually ransomware, adware, and the likes. Something that aims at your credit cards rather than your hard drive.
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To sum it up, you don’t need specifically designed antivirus Mac software. And, most of it is not an antivirus in the first place: it’s either pointless or harmful.
That’s why the best protection you can get would be buying apps from trusted developers and making sure you never click on anything that claims your Mac is at risk.
For instance, the latest scam I’ve met looked like Google Chrome updates. The only thing stopping me from installing it was the vague memory that Chrome never asks you to install an update, and that it had a weird link in the popup text. So yeah, to be on the safe side, make sure you know what you’re installing.